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Cognitivism and Connectivism
Cognitivism and Connectivism
When George Siemens (2005) and Stephen Downes (2010) argue that connectivism as a learning theory enables people to utilize digital technology to support their learning, they are envisioning learners who are self-directed and actively engaging in evaluating information in order to discern most useful 'nodes' of information. Such a conceptualization of learner/learning shares some commonality with constructivists such as Bruner (1949) and Bandura (1977), in that both cognitivists and constructivists value agency and intrinsic motivation of the learner. Both cognitivists and connectivists emphasize an active involvement of learner and his/her interaction, although the purpose and resources deployed during interactions can be different.
Although both cognitivism and connectivism share some common features, they differ in some fundamental ways, such as in their views of a learner's mind, role of learner's experience/schema and the process of knowledge building. I have captured this below.
Bibliography:
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy - Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. Retrieved from: https://d37djvu3ytnwxt.cloudfront.net/assets/courseware/v1/05624ff228a31c02f3d52d336b3c872e/asset- v1:USMx+LDT100x+2T2017_2+type@asset+block/Bandura1977PR.pdf
Downes, S. (2010). New technology supporting informal learning. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence, 2(1), 27-33.
Jerome Bruner and Leo Postman (1949). "On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm." Journal of Personality, 18, 206-223
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3-10.
Cognitivism
Cognitivism
"One of Bruner's first studies showed that mental processes are shaped by past experiences, and that cognition changes (for example, slows) when information is presented in a manner which is different than the our prior perceptual training.
"One of Bruner's first studies showed that mental processes are shaped by past experiences, and that cognition changes (for example, slows) when information is presented in a manner which is different than the our prior perceptual training.
"Bruner believed that an important aspect of learning is the ability to not only take in, process, and respond to information, but also the ability to make predictions, create, and invent things."
"Bruner believed that an important aspect of learning is the ability to not only take in, process, and respond to information, but also the ability to make predictions, create, and invent things."
Siemens and Downes identify 8 principles of connectivism:
Siemens and Downes identify 8 principles of connectivism:
1) Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions.
1) Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of opinions.
2) Learning is a process of connecting.
2) Learning is a process of connecting.
3) Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
3) Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
4) Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known.
4) Capacity to know more is more critical than what is currently known.
5) Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed for continual learning.
5) Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed for continual learning.
6) Ability to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill.
6) Ability to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill.
7) Accurate, up-to-date knowledge is the aim of all connectivist learning.
7) Accurate, up-to-date knowledge is the aim of all connectivist learning.
8) Decision-making is a learning process. What we know today may change tomorrow. The right decision today may be the wrong decision tomorrow.
8) Decision-making is a learning process. What we know today may change tomorrow. The right decision today may be the wrong decision tomorrow.
Bruner, J. and Postman, L. (1949). "On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm." Journal of Personality, 18, 206-223.
Bruner, J. and Postman, L. (1949). "On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm." Journal of Personality, 18, 206-223.
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